Mansoureh Zagheri Tafreshi; Parivash Jahandar; Maryam Rassouli; Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh; Amir Kavousi
Volume 19, Issue 7 , July 2017, , Pages 1-11
Abstract
Background: Spiritual leadership has recently become the focus of attention for policy makers and top managers in Iran, especially in the health system. Due to the lack of culturally and academically accepted scales in Iran for measuring spiritual leadership, localization of a foreign scale in this ...
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Background: Spiritual leadership has recently become the focus of attention for policy makers and top managers in Iran, especially in the health system. Due to the lack of culturally and academically accepted scales in Iran for measuring spiritual leadership, localization of a foreign scale in this field is necessary.Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Fry’s spiritual leadership questionnaire (SLQ) among Iranian nurses.Methods: The present cross sectionalmethodological research was conducted during year 2016. Participants were 400 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to 3 universities of medical sciences in Tehran, Iran, who were selected using stratified sampling. A standard forward-backward translation procedure according to Wild et al. (2005) was used to translate the English version of the SLQ to Persian. The psychometric evaluation processes were achieved by face, content, and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis). Reliability was examined using test-retest and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency reliability.Results: The SLQ showed good content validity (CVI = 0.94) ranging from 0.79 to 0.94 for each of the items. Construct validity evaluation by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) led to extraction of 8 factors from data was confirmed with acceptable values (factorloading values ranged from 0.32 to 0.95). The original model was presented and incorporated in the CFA, indicating an acceptable fit for the model (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.08; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.91; normed fit index (NFI) = 0.90; and incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.95). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.94 and for each component ranged from 0.71 to 0.86, indicating good internal consistency, and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC = 0.92) showed good test-retest reliability.Conclusions: The Persian version of Fry’s spiritual leadership questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties for measuring spiritual leadership style of Iranian nurse managers and helps detect and predict the extent and scope of the application of this new type of leadership to improve organizational outcomes.
Akram Farhadi; Mahshid Foroughan; Farahnaz Mohammadi; Maryam Rassouli; Maryam Noroozian; Shima Nazari; Leila Sadeghmoghadam; Narjeskhatoun Sadeghi
Volume 19, Issue 1 , January 2017, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
Background: Caregivers’ self-assessments of the care they provide are the main vehicles that help explore their experiences and are thought to have a major role in care outcomes. The rising number of people with dementia and their need for care provided within the family makes family caregiving ...
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Background: Caregivers’ self-assessments of the care they provide are the main vehicles that help explore their experiences and are thought to have a major role in care outcomes. The rising number of people with dementia and their need for care provided within the family makes family caregiving a major topic for study and evaluation.Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of the revised caregiving appraisal scale (RCAS) in family caregivers of older adults with dementia.Methods: In this cross-sectional methodological study, 236 family caregivers were recruited through convenience sampling. The revised caregiving appraisal scale (RCAS) was translated using the international quality of life assessment (IQOLA) protocol, and then a panel of experts examined its face and content validities. To ensure construct validity, the translated revised caregiving appraisal scale (RCAS) was completed by 236 family caregivers, and the factor construct of the scale was assessed using five initial factors for confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The confirmatory factor analysis was performed with LISREL-8.8 software for Windows®.Results: The mean age of the participating caregivers was 53.5 ± 13.13 years. The content and face validities of the scale were confirmed using the feedback of the family caregivers and panel of experts. The confirmatory factor analysis results reported appropriate values for all the fit indices (RMSEA = 0.046, df / χ2= 2.428, CFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.84, and GFI = 0.9), and the 5-factor model was confirmed with 27 items. The scale-level Cronbach’s alpha was reported as 0.894 and the scale-level ICC as 0.94. The scale met the minimum reliability standards (Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.7).Conclusions: This study has provided some preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the Persian version of RCAS when used with family caregivers of older adults with dementia.
